Input data are from 2007-2010 FAO statistics, the most recent available. FAO data on annual country-level fertilizer were used were available, averaged over the time periods. Missing values were filled using a linear regression model of fertilizers as a function of pesticides (gaps: N=4; regression: R2 = 0.72) when pesticide data were available or agricultural GDP (gaps: N=22; regression: R2 = 0.62) when not. These country-level average fertilizer values were then dasymetrically distributed over a country’s landscape using global land cover data from 2009, derived from the Moderate Resolution imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instrument at ~500m resolution. Finally, spread of the driver values into coastal waters at each pour point was modelled with a cost-path surface on the basis of a decay function that assigns a fixed amount of the driver (0.5% of the value in the previous cell) in the initial cell and then evenly distributes the remaining amount of driver in all adjacent and ‘unvisited’ cells, repeated until a minimum threshold (0.05% of global maximum) is reached. This approach to modelling river plumes is diffusive and so allows drivers to wrap around headlands and islands. Raw stressor data from "Benjamin Halpern, Melanie Frazier, John Potapenko, Kenneth Casey, Kellee Koenig, et al. 2015. Cumulative human impacts: raw stressor data (2008 and 2013). Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity. doi:10.5063/F1S180FS."

Input data are from FAO statistics published in the time period 2003-2006. FAO data on annual country-level fertilizer were used were available, averaged over the time periods. Missing values were filled using a linear regression model of fertilizers as a function of pesticides (gaps: N=4; regression: R2 = 0.72) when pesticide data were available or agricultural GDP (gaps: N=22; regression: R2 = 0.62) when not. These country-level average fertilizer values were then dasymetrically distributed over a country’s landscape using global land cover data from 2005. Finally, spread of the driver values into coastal waters at each pour point was modelled with a cost-path surface on the basis of a decay function that assigns a fixed amount of the driver (0.5% of the value in the previous cell) in the initial cell and then evenly distributes the remaining amount of driver in all adjacent and ‘unvisited’ cells, repeated until a minimum threshold (0.05% of global maximum) is reached. This approach to modelling river plumes is diffusive and so allows drivers to wrap around headlands and islands. Raw stressor data from "Benjamin Halpern, Melanie Frazier, John Potapenko, Kenneth Casey, Kellee Koenig, et al. 2015. Cumulative human impacts: raw stressor data (2008 and 2013). Knowledge Network for Biocomplexity. doi:10.5063/F1S180FS."