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The Global Artificial Land Surface in 30 meters resolution (GlobeLand30-ATS2010 for short) was developed based on the data mining methodology by integrating and analyzing the 9907 scenes of the USA Landsat TM5, ETM+ data and 2640 scenes of the China environment disaster mitigation satellite (HJ-1) data in 2010 (±1). Since the Artificial Land Surface is mostly a mosaic of, for example, buildings, trees, roads, small-water bodies, and grasslands that are frequently combined, it makes data mining for identifying the artificial land surface more difficult. The Pixel-Object-Knowledge (POK)methodology was applied in this study and data development. The 30m dataset shows where and how many residents there are in cities and villages, as well as industrial lands, airports, and roads worldwide. Data citation: CHEN Jun et al. : 2014.Global Artificial Land Surface Dataset in 30m Resolution (2010) ( GlobeLand30_ATS2010 ) ,Global Change Research Data Publishing & repository, DOI:10.3974/geodb.2014.02.02.V1 Available at: http://www.geodoi.ac.cn/WebEn/doi.aspx?Id=163